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  JDK1.8源码-10-java.util.Stack
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      <h1 id="JDK1-8源码-10-java-util-Stack"><a href="#JDK1-8源码-10-java-util-Stack" class="headerlink" title="JDK1.8源码-10-java.util.Stack"></a>JDK1.8源码-10-java.util.Stack</h1><p>前序：之前我们学完了Vector,接下来开始学习Stack。<strong>Stack很简单，它继承了Vector。</strong></p>
<h2 id="1-简介"><a href="#1-简介" class="headerlink" title="1. 简介"></a>1. 简介</h2><ul>
<li>Stack叫做栈</li>
<li>特性是：先进后出（FILO:First in Last Out）</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>java工具包中的Stack继承于Vecotr(矢量队列)</li>
<li>由于Vector是通过数组实现的，这<strong>就意味着Stack也是通过数组实现的。</strong></li>
<li>当然LinkedList也可以当做栈使用。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200509/121600405.png" alt="mark"></p>
<a id="more"></a>

<p>由于Stack和继承于Vector，因此<strong>它也包含Vector中的全部API</strong>。</p>
<h2 id="2-构造函数"><a href="#2-构造函数" class="headerlink" title="2. 构造函数"></a>2. 构造函数</h2><ol>
<li>只有一个构造函数</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Stack</span>&lt;<span class="title">E</span>&gt; <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title">Vector</span>&lt;<span class="title">E</span>&gt; </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Creates an empty Stack.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">Stack</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="3-push"><a href="#3-push" class="headerlink" title="3. push"></a>3. push</h2><ul>
<li><pre><code>push函数：将元素存入栈顶
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#96;&#96;&#96;java</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;**</span><br><span class="line">     * Pushes an item onto the top of this stack. This has exactly</span><br><span class="line">     * the same effect as:</span><br><span class="line">     * &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;pre&gt;</span><br><span class="line">     * addElement(item)&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;</span><br><span class="line">     *</span><br><span class="line">     * @param   item   the item to be pushed onto this stack.</span><br><span class="line">     * @return  the &lt;code&gt;item&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; argument.</span><br><span class="line">     * @see     java.util.Vector#addElement</span><br><span class="line">     *&#x2F;</span><br><span class="line">    public E push(E item) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        &#x2F;&#x2F; 调用Vector的addElement方法</span><br><span class="line">        &#x2F;&#x2F; 将元素存入栈顶</span><br><span class="line">        addElement(item);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        return item;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="4-peek"><a href="#4-peek" class="headerlink" title="4. peek"></a>4. peek</h2><ul>
<li><pre><code> peek函数：返回栈顶元素，不执行删除操作
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#96;&#96;&#96;java</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;**</span><br><span class="line">     * Looks at the object at the top of this stack without removing it</span><br><span class="line">     * from the stack.</span><br><span class="line">     *</span><br><span class="line">     * @return  the object at the top of this stack (the last item</span><br><span class="line">     *          of the &lt;tt&gt;Vector&lt;&#x2F;tt&gt; object).</span><br><span class="line">     * @throws  EmptyStackException  if this stack is empty.</span><br><span class="line">     *&#x2F;</span><br><span class="line">    public synchronized E peek() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        int     len &#x3D; size();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        if (len &#x3D;&#x3D; 0)</span><br><span class="line">            throw new EmptyStackException();</span><br><span class="line">       &#x2F;&#x2F; 返回栈顶元素</span><br><span class="line">        return elementAt(len - 1);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="5-pop"><a href="#5-pop" class="headerlink" title="5. pop"></a>5. pop</h2><ul>
<li><pre><code>pop函数：返回栈顶元素，并将其从栈中删除
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#96;&#96;&#96;java</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;**</span><br><span class="line">     * Removes the object at the top of this stack and returns that</span><br><span class="line">     * object as the value of this function.</span><br><span class="line">     *</span><br><span class="line">     * @return  The object at the top of this stack (the last item</span><br><span class="line">     *          of the &lt;tt&gt;Vector&lt;&#x2F;tt&gt; object).</span><br><span class="line">     * @throws  EmptyStackException  if this stack is empty.</span><br><span class="line">     *&#x2F;</span><br><span class="line">    public synchronized E pop() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        E       obj;</span><br><span class="line">        int     len &#x3D; size();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        &#x2F;&#x2F; 获取栈顶元素</span><br><span class="line">        obj &#x3D; peek();</span><br><span class="line">        &#x2F;&#x2F; 调用Vector的删除方法：将栈顶元素删除</span><br><span class="line">        removeElementAt(len - 1);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        return obj;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="6-empty"><a href="#6-empty" class="headerlink" title="6. empty"></a>6. empty</h2><ul>
<li>判断栈是否为空</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * Tests if this stack is empty.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@return</span>  &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; if and only if this stack contains</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> *          no items; &lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt; otherwise.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> <span class="title">empty</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> size() == <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h2 id="7-search"><a href="#7-search" class="headerlink" title="7. search"></a>7. search</h2><ul>
<li><pre><code>// 查找“元素o”在栈中的位置：由栈底向栈顶方向数
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#96;&#96;&#96;java</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;**</span><br><span class="line">     * Returns the 1-based position where an object is on this stack.</span><br><span class="line">     * If the object &lt;tt&gt;o&lt;&#x2F;tt&gt; occurs as an item in this stack, this</span><br><span class="line">     * method returns the distance from the top of the stack of the</span><br><span class="line">     * occurrence nearest the top of the stack; the topmost item on the</span><br><span class="line">     * stack is considered to be at distance &lt;tt&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;tt&gt;. The &lt;tt&gt;equals&lt;&#x2F;tt&gt;</span><br><span class="line">     * method is used to compare &lt;tt&gt;o&lt;&#x2F;tt&gt; to the</span><br><span class="line">     * items in this stack.</span><br><span class="line">     *</span><br><span class="line">     * @param   o   the desired object.</span><br><span class="line">     * @return  the 1-based position from the top of the stack where</span><br><span class="line">     *          the object is located; the return value &lt;code&gt;-1&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;</span><br><span class="line">     *          indicates that the object is not on the stack.</span><br><span class="line">     *&#x2F;</span><br><span class="line">    public synchronized int search(Object o) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        &#x2F;&#x2F; 从后往前获取元素第一次出现的索引</span><br><span class="line">        int i &#x3D; lastIndexOf(o);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        if (i &gt;&#x3D; 0) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            return size() - i;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        return -1;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


</code></pre></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="8-总结"><a href="#8-总结" class="headerlink" title="8. 总结"></a>8. 总结</h2><ul>
<li>Stack其实也是通过数组实现的<ul>
<li>执行push方法的时候，是将元素追加在数组的末尾</li>
<li>执行peek方法的时候，是返回数组末尾的元素（取出栈顶元素，不执行删除）</li>
<li>执行pop方法的时候，是返回数组末尾的元素同时删除末尾的元素（取出栈顶元素并删除）</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Stack继承于Vector，可以使用Vector的所有API方法。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="9-Stack-演示用例"><a href="#9-Stack-演示用例" class="headerlink" title="9. Stack 演示用例"></a>9. Stack 演示用例</h2><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    Stack stack = <span class="keyword">new</span> Stack&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 1. 入栈</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">6</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        stack.push(String.valueOf(i));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 2. for遍历打印栈</span></span><br><span class="line">    RandomGet(stack);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 3. 查找位置</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">int</span> pos = stack.search(<span class="string">"2"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(<span class="string">"the position is "</span>+ pos);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 4. pop元素之后再打印栈</span></span><br><span class="line">    stack.pop();</span><br><span class="line">    IteratorStack(stack);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 5. peek元素之后再打印栈</span></span><br><span class="line">    stack.peek();</span><br><span class="line">    IteratorStack(stack);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 6. 通过iterator打印栈</span></span><br><span class="line">    IteratorStack(stack);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// for循环打印</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">RandomGet</span><span class="params">(List list)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    String val = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; list.size(); i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        val = (String) list.get(i);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(val);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 迭代器打印</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">IteratorStack</span><span class="params">(List list)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    String val = <span class="keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (Iterator it = list.iterator();it.hasNext();)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        val = (String)it.next();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(val);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


      
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